Evolution and Classification of Battery Management Systems (BMS)

Evolution and Classification of Battery Management Systems (BMS)

• With the booming development of the electric vehicle industry, battery management systems (BMS) have become a key technology to ensure battery performance and safety. This article aims to introduce the classification of BMS and its application and limitations in the current technical environment to the majority of electric vehicle enthusiasts and industry professionals.

The importance of BMS

For electric vehicles, BMS is not only the "brain of the battery", but also an important guarantee for ensuring battery safety, efficiency and lifespan. An efficient BMS can monitor battery status in real time and prevent overcharging, over-discharging, overheating, etc., thereby extending battery life and ensuring driving safety.

Classification of BMS

1. Classification by function

The functions of modern battery management systems range from simple to complex and mainly include the following categories:

Constant current and constant voltage (CCCV) charger: This is a basic charging method, divided into two stages: constant current and constant voltage, but it cannot provide detailed management of single batteries and is only suitable for certain application scenarios. .

Shunt: Used to shunt current during battery charging to protect the battery, but does not involve more complex management functions.

Monitor: Able to monitor battery status such as voltage, current and temperature, but does not directly control charging and discharging.

Monitor: In addition to monitoring functions, it can also perform certain control operations, such as disconnecting power to prevent overcharge or overdischarge.

Equalizer: used to ensure that the voltage of each cell in the battery pack remains consistent to avoid performance degradation.

Protector: The highest level BMS, providing comprehensive protection, including preventing overcharge, over-discharge, overheating, etc., to ensure battery safety and lifespan.

2. Limitations of constant current and constant voltage chargers

While constant current and constant voltage chargers are effective in certain applications, they have significant limitations in modern electric vehicles:

1. It cannot prevent overcharging or over-discharging of a single battery.

2. The balanced management of the battery pack is not supported.

3. There may be functional conflicts with the advanced BMS system.

BMS requirements for modern electric vehicles

Modern electric vehicles have higher requirements for BMS, which require not only basic monitoring and control, but also advanced equalization, diagnosis and prediction functions. This requires the BMS to not only accurately control the battery status, but also have intelligent analysis and prediction capabilities to adapt to the evolving electric vehicle technology.

pronewenergy is a powerful battery BMS supplier, providing tram BMS, tricycle BMS, golf cart BMS, outdoor energy storage battery BMS, solar energy storage point BMS, rack-mounted lithium battery BMS, wall-mounted lithium battery BMS, etc., at the same time Exclusive BMS can also be customized according to the customer's battery specifications and performance requirements.